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  3. For those seeking to help the worst-off in poor countries, the mobile phone has been a magic wand. Mobile-money accounts have he

For those seeking to help the worst-off in poor countries, the mobile phone has been a magic wand. Mobile-money accounts have he

admin2022-11-16  99
问题     For those seeking to help the worst-off in poor countries, the mobile phone has been a magic wand. Mobile-money accounts have helped deliver "financial inclusion"—making financial services accessible to the tens of millions with a phone but no bank account. But they have downsides too.
    The most obvious way digital financial services harm poor people is by laying them more open to fraud. Research from 2016 cited in a new report by the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP), a consortium of donors affiliated to the World Bank, found that in the Philippines 83％ of people surveyed had been targets of mobile-phone scams, with 17％ losing money. In Tanzania, 27％ had been targeted and 17％ fleeced; in Ghana, 56％ and 12％.
    For the most basic deceptions, a thief needs only a phone number. A text message might offer congratulations on winning a prize, requiring only a small contribution to unlock it. Your identity might be stolen to make you responsible for repaying a loan disbursed to somebody else. An impersonator might steal your mobile-money account when registering a new SIM card. Or your account’s security code—the pin—might be leaked by a mobile-money agent. The poor may be especially susceptible to such scams. They are more likely to be relatively new both to the online world and to formal financial services. And they are less likely to have smartphones with sophisticated security software.
    It is not just money that can be stolen. So too can all the other data stored on a phone. Often, however, much has already been given away freely by its owners. Many "free" apps are in fact paid for in customer data. In every country people gaily sign away their rights to privacy by clicking consent buttons without having understood or even read what they are agreeing to. But such data can also be abused. An algorithm might (by design or accident) be biased against certain borrowers because, say, of their race or creed.
    It is often assumed that the poor are relaxed about surrendering some privacy in return for access to borrowing and other services. In fact, concern about privacy is not a preserve of the rich. Research in India and Kenya has shown that even very poor borrowers would be willing to pay a higher interest rate—or join a much slower queue—for a loan that came with more guarantees that the data provided to the lender would be kept private.
It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that________.
选项 A、the rich put too much concern about privacy
B、privacy will be easily forgone by the poor
C、data security for the poor may get improved
D、higher interest rate is inevitable for data security
答案C
解析 根据题干可定位到文章第五段。本段的大意是人们认为穷人会为了获得借贷和其他服务而轻易放弃自己的隐私，但事实是穷人愿意支付更高的利率或在队伍中等待更长的时间来确保自己提供给信贷机构的数据不被泄露。由此可以推测出，由于大家对隐私的重视，穷人的信息安全可能会提高，所以C项为正确答案。文中并未提及富人过于重视隐私程度，只是提及富人会注重隐私，A项属于无中生有，故排除；文中明确表达穷人也重视数据安全和隐私，选项B属于正反颠倒，故排除；由最后一段可知，高利率和信息安全并不是必然相关，故D项排除。
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