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  3. Ellen Wille, the Norwegian association’s delegate at the 45th FIFA (Fédéation Internationale de Football Association) Congress i

Ellen Wille, the Norwegian association’s delegate at the 45th FIFA (Fédéation Internationale de Football Association) Congress i

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问题     Ellen Wille, the Norwegian association’s delegate at the 45th FIFA (Fédéation Internationale de Football Association) Congress in Mexico City in 1986, impressed upon FIFA that more should be done to further women’ football and to unfold the latent potential in this sector of the game. Little did Wille know her spark would light the way for the women’s football movement.// Presiding over the debates at the Congress, former FIFA President Joāo Havelange not only agreed entirely with the Norwegian female representative but also assured her that he personally would back the women’s football movement, setting up an ad hoc committee as the first step. //
    Have lange and then-Secretary General Joseph Blatter were serious about supporting the women’s sector. As a long-serving member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), Havelange had seen for himself how women had been given the opportunity to compete as equals in a variety of Olympic disciplines to the sheer delight of the crowds. It was only a question of time before women would be beating the drum for their own world football tournament. If football genuinely intended to achieve universal appeal, it could not turn its back on the female half of the world’s population. //
    Following the FIFA President’s consent, the women’s football scene in pioneering countries such as Norway, Sweden, Germany, Italy and the USA—where 40 percent of all the players enrolled in clubs are girls and women—was given a shot in the arm. The prospects of a world championship afforded women’s football an arena that would highlight the attractiveness and style of this type of football. In any case, it was high time to snuff out any remaining prejudice. which, although unfounded, would still be difficult to eradicate. //
    Sure enough, in 1988 a tournament was staged in the province of Guangdong in southern China as a testing ground for a world championship. The high standards of play coupled with the scramble for tickets convinced the world governing body and its special committee that they were steering in the right direction. //The auspicious start motivated the World Cup’s official sponsors to cultivate an interest in women’s football. Barely three years later, twelve national teams from all over the world gathered in southern China where the women footballers enraptured the football world in Guangzhou and four other towns in Guangdong province. //
    Spurred on by spirited crowds, they demolished the wall of prejudice that had once thwarted their progress with displays of technique, imagination and dynamism at their first world championship in PRC. //The positive impression was perpetuated when the FIFA Referees’ Committee appointed women to officiate as referees and to serve on the touchline for one of the matches. The high point came when, for the first time in the history of a FIFA competition, Claudia de Vasconcelos from Brazil competently refereed the playoff for third place as though it was second nature. //
    China 1991 was a solid foundation on which to build. Responding to a suggestion from women players and officials that there was still a great deal of groundwork to be done, FIFA invited interested parties to a seminar in Zurich in autumn 1992. // The outcome was a somewhat sobering experience in spite of encouraging signs of growth in the USA and some leading European footballing countries. Elsewhere, however, social conventions stood in the way of a breakthrough for women’s football. Even today in countries in which women’s football is widely played there still exists a disconcerting lack of resources to establish a professional league at the top of the scale. //
    The infrastructure for men’s football took decades to develop before it acquired the predominance it enjoys today. Women’s football ventured its first hesitant steps at the end of the last century but, in spite of widespread popularity over the past twenty years, it is still very much in its infancy. This is where the associations come in. It is now up to them to nurture women’s football actively (it is, after all, the most popular women’s team sport in the world) by incorporating it, for example, in their general television and marketing contracts. //
选项
答案艾伦-威尔是1986年在墨西哥城召开的国际足联第45次代表大会上挪威足协的一位代表，她向国际足联积极建议应该为发展女子足球采取更多的举措，让足球运动的另一半人口也能够展示出自己的潜力。威尔恐怕没有想到，她灵感的火花会在随后照亮女足运动发展的道路。//作为大会辩论的主持，前国际足联主席阿维兰热不仅完全同意这位挪威女代表的意见，而且还向她保证，自己本人一定会支持女足运动的发展，并成立了一个特别委员会作为行动的第一步。// 阿维兰热和当时的秘书长约瑟夫?布拉特在支持女足运动的问题上是非常严肃认真的。作为在国际奥委会(IOC)任职多年的成员之一，阿维兰热本人已经亲眼看到，女性在很多奥运会项目上都已获得平等比赛的权利，观众对此也是十分高兴。女性为自己的世界足球锦标赛摇旗呐喊只是个时间问题而已。如果足球真想吸引全世界的注目，它就不可能向占世界一半人口的女性说不。// 随着国际足联主席的首肯，一些女足运动的先驱国家开始大张旗鼓地行动起来，其中包括挪威、瑞典、德国、意大利还有美国——那里已加入俱乐部的球员有40%是女性。这项有望成为世界锦标赛的运动，将为独具魅力的女子足球提供一个展示自己的舞台。无论如何，现在是消除一切成见的时候了，尽管这些成见毫无根据，但它们的确不容易被根除。// 果然，作为世界锦标赛的试验场地，1988年在中国南部的广东省举行了一场赛事。高水平的比赛和球迷抢购球票的盛况使国际足联及其执行机构确信他们正沿着正确的方向前进。//初战告捷也令世界杯的官方赞助商们对女子足球渐渐有了兴趣。仅三年时间，12支来自世界各地的国家队齐聚中国南部，她们在广州以及广东省的其他四座城市展开对决，这些女足姑娘们的表现令整个足球世界陶醉了。// 在中国举办的首届世界女足锦标赛上，在狂热球迷的鼓舞下，她们充分展示了自己的技术、想象力和朝气蓬勃的活力，将所有阻碍女足前进的偏见都推翻了。//当国际足联裁判委员会在其中一场比赛中指定女性担任裁判和巡边员时，本次赛事的积极意义得到了进一步的提升。这种积极意义的顶峰出现在争夺第三名的比赛上。来自巴西的克劳迪亚-德-瓦斯康塞洛斯出色地完成了裁判任务，仿佛那是她与生俱来的天性一样，这在国际足联赛事的历史上无疑是第一次。// 1991年中国女足世界锦标赛为该事业的发展提供了一个坚实的基础。女球员和官员们都认为仍然有很多的基础工作需要完成，作为对此的回应，1992年秋天，国际足联邀请有关各方在苏黎世召开了一次研讨会。//会上大家对女足的发展有了比较清醒的认识：尽管在美国和一些先进的欧洲足球国家，女足的发展令人鼓舞，而在其他地方，社会习俗仍然挡在女足运动的发展道路上。就算今天在那些女足运动广泛开展的国家，该项运动依然受到资源匮乏的困扰，因而无法成立高水平的女足职业联盟。// 男子足球经过了数十年的基础建设才有了今天这样的发展优势。而女子足球在上个世纪末才冒险迈出了自己踌躇的第一步。尽管在过去20年间这项运动受到了广泛的欢迎，但它仍然处在自己的幼年期。这也正是各地足协所要着力发展的项目。现在他们的首要任务是积极扶持女足项目，比如可通过大众电视转播以及营销合同来实现(毕竟，女子足球是世界上最受欢迎的女子集体运动项目)。//
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