2. 外语
  3. 随着中国实现总量控制的目标所面临的挑战日益严峻，以部门为基础分配减排责任的可能性越来越大。另外，根据最新修订的《空气清洁条例》，排放许可最终被赋予了法律地位，并在指定和执行减排义务中起指导性作用。//根据这两项最新的政策进展，美国环保协会已经和国家环保总局

随着中国实现总量控制的目标所面临的挑战日益严峻，以部门为基础分配减排责任的可能性越来越大。另外，根据最新修订的《空气清洁条例》，排放许可最终被赋予了法律地位，并在指定和执行减排义务中起指导性作用。//根据这两项最新的政策进展，美国环保协会已经和国家环保总局

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问题     随着中国实现总量控制的目标所面临的挑战日益严峻，以部门为基础分配减排责任的可能性越来越大。另外，根据最新修订的《空气清洁条例》，排放许可最终被赋予了法律地位，并在指定和执行减排义务中起指导性作用。//根据这两项最新的政策进展，美国环保协会已经和国家环保总局的各个部门达成协议，并计划通过新近确定的示范项目对这两项政策进行协调。//在国家环保总局最近公布的一个官方文件中，美国环保协会接受委托同国家环保总局结成了伙伴关系，在中国的四个省、三个大城市进一步拓展试点性的排污权贸易政策，以便积攒经验，为实现十五计划中确定的将二氧化硫控制在一定标准内的宏伟目标做准备。美国环保协会期望这些新的示范项目能够为跨界环境问题提供一种灵活而综合的解决办法。//
    美国环保协会和美国国家及各州的立法人士都保持着长期的良好关系。我们希望这种经历和在环境政策发展及执行方面的经验能对建立具有中国特色的排污权交易有所帮助。基于此，我想在最后对政协自身的工作提出几条建议。//
    首先，排污权交易要有正式的法律支持来解决在中国推广过程中所存在的任何不确定性。第二，建立全国性的基础设施以推动总量控制方面的省际合作，这一点至关重要。国家对总量控制配额的注册和跟踪机制就是基础设施建设的一个范例。//第三，有必要考虑建立有效期为五年以上的配额制度。对于多数公司来说，资本投资是一项大而长期的行为。为了从这些投资决策中获得最大收益，履行环境义务应该有一个合理的期限。最后，关键是要建立一套行之有效的遵守制度。如果对违反规定的行为没有实质性的惩罚措施，排污权贸易机制就毫无作用。//
    (选自美国环境保护协会中国代表张建宇先生在博鳌亚洲论坛2002年年会上的发言“中国的排污权交易”)
选项
答案 As the challenge of meeting China’s Total Emissions Control (TEC) goals becomes more serious, the potential for a sector-based allocation of reduction responsibilities is emerging. In addition, according to the newly revised Clean Air Act (CAA), emission permits have finally been granted legal status and will play an instrumental role in assigning reduction responsibilities and in enforcement. // In line with these two new policy developments. Environmental Defense has established agreements with different departments of SEPA and is planning to coordinate both initiatives through newly established demonstration projects. // In a most recent official document issued by SEPA, Environmental Defense is entrusted to partner with SEPA to further expand the pilots of emission trading in four provinces and three metropolitan areas in China to prepare experience to be applied in achieving the ambitious sulfur dioxide control targets set up in the 10th five-year plan. It is the expectation of Environmental Defense that these new demonstration projects will provide a flexible and integrated approach to the solution of trans-boundary environmental concerns. // Environmental Defense has enjoyed a long sound relationship with legislators at the state and national level in the United States. We hope that experience and the experience in environmental policy development and implementation will be useful in creating emissions trading with Chinese characteristics. On that basis, I want to make some concluding recommendations for your own work here in the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. // First, emissions trading needs formal legal support to resolve any remaining uncertainty about its use in China. Second, it would be important to begin to build national infrastructure to facilitate inter-provincial cooperation on TEC. An example of such infrastructure is a national registry or tracking system for TEC quotas. // Third, it is necessary to consider creating allocations longer than 5 years. For most companies, capital investment is significant and long-lived. To get the most from these investment decisions, environmental obligations should be given over a reasonable timeframe. Lastly, it is critical to establish an effective compliance system. Without real consequences for noncompliance, the engine that is emissions trading will not function. // (Excerpt from "Emissions Trading in China" by Mr. Zhang Jianyu, China Representative of Environment Defense China Program, USA at the annual conference of Boao Asian Forum in 2002)
解析
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