Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop at the signal. You may tak

Recently, there has been growing attention to the concept of open innovation, both among research institutions and the business community. What is open innovation? This is what I am going to address at today’s forum. As new start-up companies enter the market in large numbers, existing companies have to work harder to retain customers. So what is the answer for companies feeling the pressure? It is a new business model whereby companies use external technology, solutions and knowledge from start-ups, universities and other research organizations early in their innovation process. This concept allows companies to bring in new ideas quickly, to enhance their competitiveness. It can also save time and money.
   This concept is open innovation, which means shifting from a model of closed innovation toward a more open way of innovating. Traditionally, new business development processes and the creating of new products took place within the boundary of a company itself. However, several factors have weakened closed innovation. First of all, the mobility of highly educated company employees has increased over the years. As a result, large amounts of new knowledge and expertise exist on the open market. When employees get jobs in other companies, they take their knowledge with them, and this enables knowledge to flow between companies.
   Second, the availability of venture capital on the market has increased significantly, which makes it possible for good ideas and technologies to be further developed outside a company through licensing agreements. As a result, companies have started to look for new ways to increase the effectiveness of their innovation processes outside their boundaries. They actively search for new technologies outside of the firm and engage in cooperation with suppliers and even competitors, to create customer value. Another important reason is that a company wants to sell to other companies technologies it has developed that do not fit the development strategy of itself.
   What, then, does open innovation mean for Chinese companies? In the first place, the shift that I have described means that Chinese companies have to become aware of the increasing importance of open innovation. The concept of open innovation is based on the following principles: If you can acquire the best ideas in an open market environment, you will win. External research and development in many cases can create greater value than internal research and development. A company doesn’t have to originate research when the technology you want is available in the open market. Leading companies around the world are already using the concept of open innovation, because they realize that bringing in new ideas from small businesses is much smarter than fighting them. The value of collaboration exceeds the threat of sharing information.
   Naturally, open innovation requires careful planning. Cultural differences, technological risks and security concerns can stifle open innovation. So it needs to be pursued in the right way. This involves collaborating with bridge makers, which can bring good ideas from start-ups and universities to companies that need them. They can also serve as buffer between partners with conflicting cultures, provide support in mitigating risk and assist in deploying technologies.
   My company is such a bridge maker. We have rich experience in promoting open innovation, and we are uniquely positioned to assist Chinese companies in achieving open innovation by lowering their risk and improving success. For example, we have helped a major Chinese company adopt a long-term open innovation strategy by identifying and introducing the emerging technologies that suit its business model. We are ready to share our business experience and expertise with Chinese companies, and I am sure this will help you stay ahead of others in the fierce international market.