西藏森林面积717万公顷，活立木蓄积量达20.91亿立方米，保存有中国最大的原始森林。为了保护西藏的生态环境，政府实行限额采伐，以严格控制森林的采伐规模，每年的商品性采伐量一直控制在15万立方米以内。//同时，对采伐基地进行及时更新，恢复森林植被。在影响长

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问题西藏森林面积717万公顷，活立木蓄积量达20.91亿立方米，保存有中国最大的原始森林。为了保护西藏的生态环境，政府实行限额采伐，以严格控制森林的采伐规模，每年的商品性采伐量一直控制在15万立方米以内。//同时，对采伐基地进行及时更新，恢复森林植被。在影响长江下游生态的江达、贡觉、芒康三个县实施西藏长江上游天然林资源保护工程，总面积达3.1万平方公里。//在风沙危害和水土流失严重的金沙江、澜沧江、怒江上游及雅鲁藏布江流域的28个县实施退耕还林工程，规划退耕地造林5.2万公顷，宜林荒山荒地造林5.3万公顷，//2002年已实施退耕地造林0.67万公顷，宜林荒山荒地造林0.67万公顷。政府还大力推行能源替代建设，营造薪炭林，推广太阳能以保护天然灌木植被。//
植树造林已成为西藏广大人民的自觉行动。西藏自治区先后制定了《西藏自治区造林绿化规划》和《关于加快造林绿化步伐的意见》，全区人民共同努力，从改善人们的周边生活环境做起，从绿化庭院、街道、城市环境，到建设人类活动集中的河谷地带及各主要公路沿线绿色走廊，植树造林成效显著。//据统计，五十多年来，西藏人工造林7万多公顷，“四旁”(村旁、宅旁、路旁、水旁)植树9000多万株，种植经济林木150多万株。//
工程造林和生态工程项目不断实施。拉萨及周边地区造林绿化工程、雅鲁藏布江防护林体系建设工程、芒康长江防护林体系建设试点示范工程、日喀则林业治沙示范工程等重点项目的实施，在很大程度上改善了所在区域的自然生态环境。//从1996年开始，国家开始在西藏实施长江上中游防护林体系建设工程，截止2000年，共投入资金370多万元，积极支持西藏地方因地制宜地开展人工造林、封山育林，累计造林面积达1.3万多公顷，为改善当地群众生产生活条件发挥了良好的作用。//隶属“一江两河”农业开发重点项目的雅鲁藏布江防护林体系建设工程实施后，形成了从上游的日喀则到泽当几百公里的人工林带，成为西藏一道新的亮丽景观，对雅鲁藏布江的水土保持起到了积极的作用。//
通过对西藏天然林资源的有效保护和植树造林，西藏的森林覆盖率不断增加，从二十世纪五十年代的不足1%，上升到目前的5.93%，对生态环境改善起到了积极作用。//据有关部门监测，由于人工植被增加，西藏的风沙天气明显减少，如：目前拉萨比三十年前减少了 32天；日喀则比三十年前减少了34天；泽当比三十年前减少了32天。//
(节选自中国国务院新闻办于2003年3月发布的《西藏的生态建设与环境保护》白皮书)

选项

答案 Tibet boasts 7.17 million ha. of forest, and the stocking volume has reached 2.091 billion cum. Tibet has the largest primitive forest in China. To protect Tibet’s ecological environment, the government exercises a "felling by quota" policy, and strictly controls the scale of tree-felling in forests. The annual felling amount for commercial purpose is limited to 150,000 cu m. // Simultaneously, a rotation system is in place for lumbering bases so as to help restore vegetation. A project for the protection of natural forest resources on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in Tibet, with a total area of 31,000 sq kin, has been implemented in the three counties of Jomda, Gonjo and Markam that have a weighty bearing on the ecology of the lower Yangtze valley. // In 28 counties along the upper reaches of the Jinsha, Lancang and Nujiang rivers and the catchment area of the Yarlungzangbo River, where the hazards of sandstorm and soil erosion are serious, a project to restore farmland to forest is being undertaken, under which 52,000 ha. of cultivated land will be restored to forest and trees planted on 53,000 ha. of barren mountains and wasteland. //By 2002, some 6,700 ha. of cultivated land had been restored to forest and 6,700 ha. of barren mountains and wasteland afforested. The government is also striving to promote the development of energy substitutes and fuel forests, and popularize solar energy in order to protect natural bush vegetation. // It has become the conscious action of the Tibetan people to join afforestation efforts. The government of the Tibet Autonomous Region has formulated the "Forestation Plan of the Tibet Autonomous Region" and the "Opinions on Acceleration of Afforestation." The people of the whole region are making efforts by starting with the improvement of their living environments, first of all by greening their courtyards, streets and urban environment in general, and eventually building green belts in river catchment areas where human activities are concentrated, and along major highways. The results have been remarkable. // According to a survey, over the past 50-plus years some 70,000 ha. of land have been afforested in Tibet, 90 million trees have been planted beside villages, houses, roads and waterways, and 1.5 million cash trees have been grown. // Afforestation and ecological projects have been launched steadily. Implementation of the key projects, such as the afforestation project in Lhasa and its outskirts, the construction of the shelter-forest system of the Yarlungzangbo River, the pilot project of the Yangtze River shelter-forest system in Markam and the pilot project for controlling sand by afforestation in Xigaze, has, to a great extent, improved the natural eco-environment of those localities. // Since 1996, the State has begun to build a shelter-forest system along the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River. By 2000, it had invested more than 3.7 million yuan in the project, actively supporting Tibet in building man-made forests and sealing off mountainous areas to facilitate afforestation as appropriate to local conditions. The afforested area has topped 13,000 ha, which, as a result, has played a positive role in improving local residents’ working and living conditions. //Following implementation of the project tot the construction of the shelter-forest system of the Yarlungzangbo River, which is part of the key "three rivers" agricultural development undertaking, a man-made forest belt measuring several hundred km. from Xigaze to Zetang on the upper reaches of the Yarlungzangbo River has been formed. Now, a new spectacular scene, the belt plays a positive role in conserving water and topsoil along the Yarlungzangbo River. // Due to the effective protection of natural forest resources and afforestation, the forest coverage in Tibet has kept growing. It has grown from less than 1% in the 1950s to 5.93% today, and has played a positive role in improving the Autonomous Region’s ecological environment. // According to reports from relevant monitoring departments, due to the increase in man-made vegetation, the number of sandstorm days has decreased noticeably in Tibet. Currently. it is 32 days fewer in Lhasa, 34 days fewer in Xigaze and 32 days fewer in Zetang, than 30 years ago. // (Excerpts from the English version of the White Paper "Ecological Improvement and Environmental Protection in Tibet" issued by the Information Office of the State Council of PRC in March 2003)

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