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  3. China launched an unmanned module (核心舱) on Thursday containing what will become living quarters for three crew on a permanent sp

China launched an unmanned module (核心舱) on Thursday containing what will become living quarters for three crew on a permanent sp

admin2023-03-07  106
问题     China launched an unmanned module (核心舱) on Thursday containing what will become living quarters for three crew on a permanent space station that it plans to complete by the end of 2022. The module, named "Tianhe", or "Harmony of the Heavens" which will have a life span of at least 10 years, was launched on the Long March 5B, China’s largest carrier rocket, at 11:23 a.m. (0323 GMT) from the Wenchang Space Launch Center on the southern island of Hainan. Tianhe is one of three main components of what would be China’s first self-developed space station, rivalling the only other station in service— the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is backed by the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan and Canada. It has hosted scientists from over a dozen nations but China has been banned from sending any of its astronauts there. Yet, the fact of the ISS though in orbit for more than two decades, is now uncertain. The project is set to expire in 2024 without funding from its partners. Russia said this month that it would quit the project from 2025.
    The Tianhe launch was the first of 11 missions which it will take to construct and outfit the space station with everything it needs in order to host its initial crew. Unlike the International Space Station which can hold six comfortably and up to eight if needed, China’s space station will initially be capable of supporting up to three astronauts at once. That number could change dramatically in the future if China decides to further build out the station, add new modules, and new living areas. In the later missions, China will launch the two other core modules, four manned spacecraft and four cargo spacecraft. At least 12 astronauts of both genders are training to fly to and live in the station, including veterans of previous flights and newcomers. When completed by late 2022, Tianhe is expected to weigh about 66 tons.
    After years of successful rocket and commercial satellite launches, China put its first astronaut into space in October 2003. It was only the third country to independently do so after the former Soviet Union and the United States. Since that Shenzhou-5 mission, China has sent other astronauts into orbit, placed crews on the original Tiangong Station and conducted a space walk. The launch of a space lab Tiangong-1 in 2011 and Tiangong-2 in 2016 helped China test the program’s space rendezvous and docking capabilities. China plans another mission in 2024 to bring back lunar samples and to land people on the moon and possibly build a scientific base there. No timeline has been proposed for such projects. China aims to become a major space power by 2030. It has ramped up its space program with visits to the moon, the launch of an uncrewed probe to Mars and the construction of its own space station. The Chinese space agency has been moving fast in its aim to catch up to the U.S. and Russia in the new space race.
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答案 本周四，中国发射了一个无人核心舱，它会置于将于2022年底前完工的永久空间站，包含了宇航员在空间站的住所，大小可容纳3人。核心舱取名“天和”，寓意“天地人和”，其使用寿命至少长达10年。中国最大的运载火箭“长征五号乙”搭栽“天和”核心舱于北京时间上午11点23分(格林尼治标准时间03：23)，在海南岛南部的文昌航天发射中心发射。“天和”是中国首个自主研发空间站的三大主要模块之一，该空间站堪比目前唯一在役的另一空间站一一国际空间站(ISS)。ISS由美国、俄罗斯、欧洲、日本和加拿大支持建成。它陆续接纳过来自十几个国家的科学家，但拒不接纳中国宇航员。然而，虽然ISS已在轨运行二十多年，但现在有不确定因素。由于缺乏合作伙伴的资金支持，该项目计划于2024年到期结束。本月，俄罗斯表示将于2025年退出该项目。 从建成空间站，到一切配备就绪，迎接首批乘组人员入驻，一共需要完成11 项任务，而发射天和核心舱则是其中第一项。国际空间站可以轻松容纳6名工作人员，必要时最多增至8名，与之不同的是，中国空间站一开始每次最多只能容纳3名宇航员。如果中国将来决定扩建空间站，增加新舱，并拓宽生活区域，那么容纳人数可能会显著增加。中国还将通过后续任务发射另外2个核心舱、4艘载人飞船和4艘货运飞船。目前至少有12名宇航员正在接受训练，其中男女性均有，既有参加过航天任务的老将，也有首飞的新秀，他们将会飞向太空，入驻空间站生活。到2022年底任务完成时，“天和”的重量预计达到66吨左右。 中国在成功发射火箭和商用卫星多年后，于2013年10月将第一名宇航员送上太空，成为继苏联和美国之后，世界上第3个独立完成载人航天飞行的国家。自神舟五号发射任务之后，中国陆续又将其他宇航员送入太空，乘组人员进入原有的天宫空间站，完成太空漫步。2011年发射的空间实验室天宫一号和2016年的天宫二号帮助中国测试了该项目的空间交会对接能力。中国计划于2024年开展另一项发射任务，带回月球样品，实现宇航员登月，并视情况在月球设立科研基地。但目前暂未发布具体的时间计划。中国有志于2030年跻身世界航天强国行列。为此。中国已通过探月、发射火星无人探测器和建造自有空间站等方式加大其航空规划力度。中国航天局正在努力加快脚步，以期在新一轮航空竞赛中赶超美国和俄罗斯。
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